Zero-Player Games: When Systems Play Themselves

Introduction

Zero-player games (0PGs) are titles that don't require any player input after starting. They operate autonomously, driven entirely by internal systems and rules. Despite lacking interactivity, they can be captivating—showcasing evolving systems, growing structures, or emerging narratives.

Examples

• Conway’s Game of Life
• Progress Quest
• A Dark Room
• Cookie Clicker

Some simulations and sandboxes may also qualify as 0PGs depending on how much player input is needed.

Definition

A zero-player game is one that evolves without further player input after being launched. The experience is entirely driven by the game’s internal mechanics.

Internal Mechanics

• Rules and Systems: Define how the game updates and evolves.
• Complexity Range: Examples vary from simple conditional logic (Game of Life) to intricate production chains (incremental games).

Purpose and Appeal

• Highlighting Systems:
  With no player input, the simulation and logic become central, encouraging tighter design of underlying rules.

• Emergent Storytelling:
  Unexpected patterns and behaviors arise, such as civilization-building in Dwarf Fortress.

• Relaxation:
  Idle games and simulations can be soothing to watch, offering low-pressure engagement.

Core Mechanics

• State Machines or Grids:
  Cellular automata like Game of Life update each element based on neighbors.

• Growth Curves:
  Incremental games often grow exponentially, offering satisfying progress.

• Feedback Loops:
  Systems that reinforce themselves—for instance, energy systems that boost production.

Player Role

Players may occasionally tweak settings or observe progress, but their involvement isn’t necessary. Some games intentionally limit control to evoke certain themes or emotions.

Conclusion

Zero-player games subvert traditional gameplay by removing control. Observing system dynamics becomes the experience. These games can be meditative, thought-provoking, or purely entertaining—demonstrating how interaction isn't always required to engage.